2015年4月27日星期一
2015年4月19日星期日
Bo Liu Media project 2
Research of assignment“how to ”
The people I am going to communicate to：
Some young couple who just got married who have a little no experience to look after their
baby and do not know how to change a baby' s nappy.
Initial state of the subject(WHY):
Because the young people who have no experience about being parents
Because young people are really busy about their work they dont have any time
to really know how to change a baby' s nappy
Require of final state of the subject：
Young people can change their baby' s nappy properly.
Key steps(Story board)
research
A video for people how to change a baby's nappy
- 1 Before changing a nappy, make sure you have everything you need within arm’s reach of the change area. This includes a fresh nappy, baby cream (if needed), baby wipes or washcloths, and some water.
- 2Lie baby down on the change table. If she grizzles, sing her a song or give her a favourite toy to keep her entertained.
- 3Undress baby’s bottom half and unfasten the nappy. Cooler air on the skin might make baby wee, so be ready with a cloth. Use the front of the nappy to wipe off any poo, then fold the nappy into a tight bundle to stop spills.
4Open a clean nappy, making sure the fastening tabs are towards the top. Lift baby up by the ankles and slip the nappy beneath her bottom. Fold the front flap up, tuck it firmly around baby’s waist and secure each tab. Do not cover the belly button in newborns or make the nappy too tight.
Changing a baby’s nappy (or diaper) requires attention to details and to baby. The two most important rules for safe and stress-free nappy changing are:
- Never, ever leave a baby unattended on a high surface like a change table or bed.
- Have everything on hand before you start, so you don’t have to break the first rule by searching for something halfway through.
Next, gather everything you’ll need:
- A clean nappy
- Something to clean baby’s bottom with — a baby wipe, moist cotton wool or soft flannel
- Barrier cream
- Something to change baby on such as a changing mat, an old towel or an old-fashioned cloth nappy that protects the surface under your baby from mess
- Something to put the dirty nappy in, such as a bin or plastic bag
To change your baby’s nappy:
- Put the old towel or changing mat on the surface where you’re changing your baby. Put the clean nappy next to the changing mat.
- Lay your baby on the changing mat.
- Open the nappy’s tabs, Velcro, domes or safety pins and take off the dirty nappy by gently lifting your baby’s ankles with one hand and pulling the nappy away from under your baby’s bottom. Dispose of the nappy into the bin, plastic bag or nappy bucket for washing later. If you can’t dispose of the nappy, make sure it’s out of baby’s reach. If you’re near a toilet and you’re dealing with relatively solid poo, you can shake it into the toilet.
- Use a wipe or moist cotton wool to wash your baby’s bottom and around his genitals. Dry him off. If your baby is a girl, wipe from front to back to avoid any nasties from her bottom getting into her urinary tract and causing an infection.
- If your baby’s bottom or genital area appears red or irritated, put some barrier cream on the irritated skin.
- Lift your baby’s ankles with one hand and use the other to put the clean nappy under his bottom. On a disposable nappy, the side with the tabs go at the back.
- Your baby should be lying on the clean nappy, so it’s just a case of doing up the nappy’s tabs, Velcro, domes or safety pins. If your baby is a boy, tuck his penis down so when he pees, it goes into the nappy, not out the front.
- Put your baby somewhere safe, such as on the floor or in his bouncinette.
- Wash your hands thoroughly, ideally with an antibacterial soap.
- If you haven’t already, put the dirty nappy in the rubbish or bucket for washing.
Voila — a clean, happy baby!
How to change a nappy
Some babies have very delicate skin and need changing as soon as they wet themselves, otherwise their skin becomes sore and red. Others can wait until before or after every feed to be changed.
All babies need changing as soon as possible when they've passed a stool (poo) to prevent nappy rash and stop them from smelling.http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/nappies.aspx#close
The problem people should care about
Nappy rash
Most babies get nappy rash at some time in the first 18 months. Nappy rash can be caused by:
- prolonged contact with urine (wee) or stools (poo)
- sensitive skin
- rubbing or chafing
- soap, detergent or bubble bath
- baby wipes
- diarrhoea or other illness
Washable (reusable) nappies
There are several types of washable nappies. Some have a waterproof backing and others have a separate waterproof cover.
They fasten with either Velcro or poppers. Biodegradable, flushable nappy liners can be useful as they protect the nappy from heavy soiling and can be flushed away.
If you use disposable nappies it’s worth finding out whether there's a local delivery service. If you’ve opted for washable cloth nappies you could use a nappy laundry service.
The cost of buying and washing cloth nappies for two and a half years will range from around £180 to around £350, depending on the type of nappy you use. Nappy laundry services cost from £6 to £9 a week. The cost of using disposable nappies over the same period ranges from £450 to £750.
A nappy laundry service will take away the soiled nappies and deliver a fresh batch each week. Nappies are washed to hospital disinfection standards and thoroughly rinsed to protect your baby’s skin. The service will supply everything you need, including nappies, nappy covers, liners and lidded nappy bins.
If you use disposable nappies it’s worth finding out whether there's a local delivery service. If you’ve opted for washable cloth nappies you could use a nappy laundry service.
The cost of buying and washing cloth nappies for two and a half years will range from around £180 to around £350, depending on the type of nappy you use. Nappy laundry services cost from £6 to £9 a week. The cost of using disposable nappies over the same period ranges from £450 to £750.
A nappy laundry service will take away the soiled nappies and deliver a fresh batch each week. Nappies are washed to hospital disinfection standards and thoroughly rinsed to protect your baby’s skin. The service will supply everything you need, including nappies, nappy covers, liners and lidded nappy bins.
Some issues about baby's poo.
Baby poo
Your baby’s first poo (or stool) will be made up of something called meconium. This is sticky and greenish/black.
After a few days the poo will change to a yellow or mustard colour. Breastfed babies’ poo is runny and doesn’t smell. Formula fed babies’ poo is firmer, darker brown and more smelly.
Some infant formulas can also make your baby's poo dark green. If you change from breast to formula feeding, you’ll find that your baby's poos become darker and more paste-like.
How often should my baby do a poo?
Some babies fill their nappies at or around every feed. Some, especially breastfed babies, can go for several days or even up to a week without a bowel movement.
Both are normal. It’s also normal for babies to strain or even cry when passing a poo. Your baby isn’t constipated as long as their poos are soft, even if they haven’t passed one for a few days.
Is it normal for my baby’s poos to change?
From day to day or week to week your baby’s poos will probably vary. If you notice a marked change of any kind, such as the poos becoming very smelly, very watery or harder, particularly if there’s blood in them, you should talk to your doctor or health visitor.
Pale poos may be a sign of jaundice. If you're worried, speak to your midwife or health visitor.http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/nappies.aspx#close
The tips of how people choose and buy a baby' s nappy
How do I pick newborn nappies?
Packs of disposable nappies have labels giving a rough guide to the size to suit babies of a certain weight range. Because babies come in different shapes and sizes, and different manufacturers' nappies designs are different, it may be worth trying a smaller pack first. You may prefer the design and fastenings of one brand over another.
Newborns would typically be size 1 for babies 2-5kg. With newborns, the nappy design should keep the umbilical cord stump area comfy.
If you're worried about how to fit nappies, the NCT suggests getting your midwifeor antenatal class teacher to show you how to do it, then practise on a teddy or large doll.
How do I choose the right size nappies for my baby?
Eventually babies will outgrow newborn nappies and it will be time to go up a size. This could be in line with the manufacturers' size charts, or you may see signs of leakage or discomfort that mean current nappies are too small.
If you have concerns, your health visitor or GP can give advice.
Size chart ranges can differ between major brands and shops' own-brand nappies. Some size ranges overlap and others include 'plus' sizes for bigger babies. Typical ranges are:
Size 1 (2 -5 kg, 5-11lbs)
Size 2 (3-6kg, 7-14lbs)
Size 3 (4-9 kg, 8-20lbs)
Size 4 (7-18kg, 15-40lbs)
Size 5 (11-25kg, 24-55lbs)
As babies get more active, their nappy needs may change to avoid leaks. Some nappies say they are specially designed to keep things in with comfort during active play. Some boast special linings to lock-away moisture; others have cartoon characters on them; some are plain.
Again, some trial and error may be needed to get the right nappies for your baby.
Friends, relatives and online parenting forums may have recommendations you trust.
As you'll need so many nappies over the weeks and months, buying in bulk and even having big home deliveries may work out cheaper or more convenient. But try not to get stuck with a cupboard full of nappies that are too small.
What about disposable or washable/reusable/terry towelling nappies?
Your baby probably won't mind which nappies you use. The choice is more about economics, eco-friendliness and convenience.
Even though some local authorities are working on recycling of disposable nappies, most go to landfill. If you'd like to feel greener about nappies, consider washable or reusable types.
http://www.webmd.boots.com/children/baby/guide/nappy-faq
story board
2. using a wash machine
As with most appliances, there are a few tricks to using the washing machine that make a huge difference your clothes. And while you may think you know how to use the washing machine effectively, your first machine or a new model (say, if you’ve never used a top-loading machine before) can throw you for a loop. You may be excited about the convenience it is going to bring to your life… but it can be hard working out how best to use it. Here are the basics of how to use different types of washing machine to their full potential, and get the best cleaning results for your clothes.
The people I am going to communicate to
Initial state of the subject(WHY)
Modern washing machines come loaded with features, and using one is not always a straightforward process. Aside from loading fabrics and the detergent, the most important steps in the process are selecting a wash temperature and cycle. There are also some important things to keep in mind throughout the process to ensure your clothing comes out clean and free of wrinkles. You can purchase washing machines from department stores, specialty appliance retailers, and online sellers like those on eBay. Be sure to compare prices for new and used washing machines to get the best deal, and enjoy the convenience of cleaning your clothes and other fabrics at home.
Require of final state of the subject
Let people know how to use s wash machine properly and know what is the best and
convenient way to use it.
Key steps(Story board)
research
A video to show people how to use a wash machine
- Select a wash temperature that’s as close as possible to the maximum wash temperature on the care label.If you need that shirt this evening, you may need to select the quick wash programme (cycle), even if you know your garment could have got cleaner still on a full-length cycle.Many people fail to realise that you have to take in two bits of information on wash labels: the temperature of the water and the type of wash programme the item can safely withstand. These are not the same. So when you see the cotton symbol, you can’t assume that the fabric can take the top temperature.
- Choose the proper spin programme.Clothes going in the tumble drier can take a long or extra spin. But if you’re washing nylons and synthetics that you plan to hang out, choose a lighter spin, so that the clothes don’t pick up creases in a long spin.
- Put detergent in the machine.Add tablets, powder, or liquid to the dispenser. If you use liquid capsules, put them in before the clothes. However, powder tablets contained in the manufacturer’s net bag need to sit on top of the washing, so add the bagafter you add the clothes.
- Put the dirty items in the machine.Don’t overload the machine. If you pack it too tightly, there’s less room for the machine to agitate the dirt out of your washing. The best way to get a correct load is to weigh it to fit in with your machine’s capacity As a very rough guide, if you have more than 15 items, you’ve put in too much.
- Empty out pockets. One tissue can leave fluff on an entire wash load.
- Do up zips. Left undone, they may snag other clothes.
- Take out items that need sewing attention. A small rip is likely to become larger through washing and a small, loose button could disappear.
- Turn T-shirts with a pattern inside out.
- Put small delicate items, such as sheer tights (nylons), into a mesh wash bag to protect them from snagging.
- Load the drum (basket) loosely, alternating big and small items.
- Follow instructions for the most delicate part of an item with two or more materials. It may make sense to separate the two materials. For example, you may want to detach a delicate lining from strong but dirty curtains or remove a non-washable ribbon from a child’s outfit.
- Be on the lookout for stains. Some may need pre-treating. This is especially important for blood, emulsion (latex) paint, ink, rust, and grass, which becomes harder to shift if it sits in hot water.
- Think about colour. Ideally, divide your washing into separate loads for whites, coloureds, and darks/blacks. This means you can use a detergent with brightening agents for whites, and a separate detergent for colours. Wash red fabrics you suspect may bleed colour separately.
- http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-use-your-washing-machine.html
Detergent and Fabric Softener
Front-loading washing machines come with a drawer to dispense detergent during the washing cycles – either liquid detergent or powder. Your machine might also have separate compartments for fabric softener (delivered during the final rinse) and bleach. Some Persil detergents, like Persil Bio Capsules, are placed directly into the drum, so make sure to check the instructions first.
If you have a top-loading machine, the detergent simply goes into the machine drum, before the clothes are added. This prevents the concentrated detergent from staining your garments or getting stuck to the fabrics.
Detergent containers have guidelines as to the amount required per wash: quantities will vary depending on your water supply – whether it is hard or soft –, how dirty your clothes are, and what size the load is. Persil liquid detergents, for example, come with handy dosing balls, making this process even easier. Just add the product according to your needs (following the directions on the label), and pop the ball in the back of the drum!
Washing Machine Settings and Cycles
Different types of clothes require different settings to get everything completely clean, without problems occurring in the washing process, such as colour bleed. Putting a coloured t-shirt in with white tops for a wash will cause the colour to seep into your pristine white fabrics! This is why it is a good idea to separate, then organise your dirty laundry into their setting categories, before “wash day”. It’ll minimise the risk of any damage or discolouration significantly.
It is also important to always check the care label on your clothes, before putting them into a wash. The label will tell you which washing machine settings to use, as well as how to dry the item afterwards.
Every washing machine will display their settings in a slightly different way. It’s always a good idea to check the manual to familiarise yourself with the available settings and cycles. But what do these settings mean, and what is happening in each washing cycle?
- Normal – Used for cottons and coloured, mixed fabrics. This cycle uses warm water (30 or 40oC) to wash the clothes, followed by a cold-water rinse, with moderate agitation (machine spin) speeds. Modern detergents like Persil Small & Mighty work just as well at 30oC as at 40oC; running your wash at a lower temperature will save energy and work out cheaper for the household in the long run!
- Whites – Used for white clothing to get everything properly clean. This cycle generally uses the hottest water (60 or 90oC) and strongest agitation speeds available to get the dirt out.
- Delicates – Used for lace and other fabrics that could get damaged by a vigorous wash. This gentle cycle uses cold water and slow agitation speeds. It’s best to use a gentle detergent for delicate items, like Persil Silk & Wool.
- Permanent Press – Used for no-iron clothes to keep the fabrics’ properties intact. It is similar to the Normal setting, but during the spin cycle the clothes are sprayed continually with water to keep them moist.
Other important settings:
- Quick Rinse – Used for small, lightly soiled loads of clothing. This setting requires less water, and can save you energy. That’s why it’s worth investing in a laundry product like Persil small & mighty, which offers great performance even in a quick wash.
- Pre-wash – Used for very dirty loads that require extensive cleaning. The pre-wash counts as an extra rinse cycle, with cold water that does not use detergent.
As well as the standard programs, your washing machine might come with a ‘load size’ setting: adjusting for small, medium or large washes will stop you from wasting water or energy, and ensure that clothes in a large load end up as clean as those in a small load.
Other Washing Machine Tips
Make sure that you never overload your washing machine: its efficiency will be reduced, impacting the cleanliness of your clothes. And be sure to regularly maintain your washing machine to keep it cleaning properly.
These washing machine tips will make the process of washing clothes simple, quick, and effective. Now you know how to use the washing machine more effectively and efficiently, you’ll be amazed at how much easier this household task becomes!
story board
订阅：
博文 (Atom)